The number of cell therapies in the pipeline is around half of that for gene therapies, with 1,323 in preclinical – pre-registration, however, there are more candidates (59) in late-stage (Phase 3 or pre-filing), predominantly led by non-large pharma (2 to 3 assets each). In contrast to gene therapies, top indications focus on non-oncology diseases such as COVID-19, osteoarthritis, heart, and respiratory conditions (Figure 5 and Table 6).